What are the basic components of the Italian Sixth chord?

The Italian Sixth chord is characterized by its specific interval structure, which includes a major third above the bass note and an augmented sixth interval that resolves to the dominant. The chord typically consists of three notes: the root (which serves as the bass), the major third above that root, and the augmented sixth.

In the context of its construction, the major third creates a bright and stable sonority, while the augmented sixth interval, built between the outer notes, tends to create a strong resolution to the V chord (the dominant) in the harmonic progression, enhancing the tension and driving the music forward.

This characteristic sound aligns with the role of the Italian Sixth chord in classical harmony, where it primarily functions as a predominant chord leading into the dominant chord. Understanding the construction of the Italian Sixth chord and its harmonic function is essential for analyzing and composing within tonal music.