What is a defining feature of the music from the Middle East?

The defining feature of music from the Middle East is the use of specific traditional instruments, one of which is the santour. The santour, a hammered dulcimer, is central to many Middle Eastern musical forms and exemplifies the region's rich cultural heritage. Its unique sound—produced by striking strings with mallets—contributes to the distinctive tonal palette of Middle Eastern music, often combining beautifully with other instruments like the oud and qanun.

The other options, while they do play roles in the music of the region, do not represent the defining characteristic as clearly as the santour. For instance, melodic minor scales are used in various musical traditions worldwide, not uniquely to the Middle East. Syncopated rhythms also appear in many musical genres globally and, while prevalent in Middle Eastern music, do not specifically define it. A focus on percussion is significant in Middle Eastern music, but it is often complemented by melodic instruments, rather than standing alone. Thus, the santour exemplifies a more distinct and defining feature of Middle Eastern music.